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[资料] 在中国农村,学校面临一个新课题:性教育

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大飞 发表于 2020-8-4 16:53 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mXuyeg_S5thNh7H9q9Kj_g*原文来自澎湃新闻旗下英文部媒体“第六声”对你我伙伴平台深度报道,记者:Fan Yiying and Wu Ziyi,原题:In Rural China, Schools Tackle a New Subject: Sex Ed.*受访对象(包甜甜、刘玉、王海智)均来自你我伙伴平台和西部阳光基金会自2017年启动的乡村学校性教育试点项目,项目旨在推动乡村学校性教育常规化。基于该试点项目,你我伙伴平台同西部阳光基金会将试点成功经验复制至甘肃、陕西、内蒙古等地。
Sex has long been taboo in the Chinese countryside, but an alliance of forward-thinking teachers and volunteers is trying to change that.
在中国的农村地区,性一直是一个禁忌话题,但是一个有远见的志愿者讲师联盟正在试图改变这种现状。
Secondary school English teacher Bao Tiantian recalls feeling baffled when her principal asked her to attend a sex education training course.“I’d never heard that sex required education,” the 37-year-old tells Sixth Tone.
中学英语教师包甜甜回忆说,当校长让她参加一个性教育培训班的时候,她感到很莫名其妙:“我从来没有听说过性还需要教育”,这个37岁的农村英语教师告诉第六声。

Bao is from Kang County — a rural region in China’s northwestern Gansu province, where talk about sex remains firmly taboo.
包甜甜来自康县——位于中国西北部的甘肃省农村地区,在那里谈论“性”仍然是一个禁忌。

When Bao attended school, sex ed consisted of a single biology class in which the instructor was supposed to explain menstruation and some basic anatomy.
当包甜甜还在上学的时候,性教育通常就是一节生物课,老师应该会讲解月经和基本的生殖系统知识。

Even then, her teacher opted not to speak at all during the lesson, she says.“When the day finally came, the teacher just let us read the texts by ourselves,” says Bao.
但即使是这样,她的老师还是选择在上到这节课的内容时跳过不讲。“当这堂课终于到来的时候,老师就让我们自己读课本上的内容”,包甜甜说。
But the English teacher’s outlook has transformed since she took the sex ed course — organized by the Chinese nonprofit You & Me — in 2018.
但是,自从在2018年参与了由中国的一个公益组织“你我伙伴”举办的性教育培训班之后,这位农村英语教师的观点发生了转变。
The formerly straight-laced Bao has become a tireless promoter of modern sex education, one of a growing number of rural educators working to teach children about the birds and the bees.
以往古板形象的包老师开始成为现代性教育的积极推动者,成为越来越多的农村性教育老师当中的一员,他们致力于教授孩子关于性的基本知识。
Sex education has long been neglected by schools across China, but the problem is far worse in rural areas. Lower local living standards, traditional social attitudes, demographic dislocation, and a lack of educational resources have made it difficult for teachers to introduce a more comprehensive curriculum.
性教育长期以来都被中国各地的学校所忽视,在农村地区,这个问题还要严重的多。农村地区较低的生活水平、社会传统观念、人口结构失调和教育资源极度缺乏,使得教师很难引入更加全面的性教育课程。
In Gansu — the province where Bao lives — more than 70% of junior high school students haven’t received any form of sex education, according to a 2018 study.
根据一项2018年的研究数据显示:在包甜甜所在的甘肃省,超过70%的初中生没有接受过任何形式的性教育。

Most of those who have are only given a handful of classes, and even the students who have received the most sex education show little understanding of issues such as gender violence, homosexuality, AIDS, contraception, and abortion, the researchers found.
研究人员发现,大多数学生只上过几节性教育课。即使是接受过很多性教育的学生,他们对性别暴力、同性恋、艾滋病、避孕和流产等内容的了解也非常少。
But the situation is slowly starting to change as forward-thinking teachers work with charities to promote new sex education programs at their schools.
但随着越多越多有远见的教师和公益组织“你我伙伴”合作,在他们的学校里推动性教育项目,这种情况正在慢慢开始改善。

You & Me has trained 67 educators in Gansu so far, who have given sex ed classes to more than 26,000 students in rural areas. It’s currently working to add another 20 schools to its network.
到目前为止,你我伙伴已经在甘肃培训了67名教师,为超过26000名农村学生开设了性教育课程。而且这家机构仍在推动新的20个学校开展这项工作。

Convincing schools to introduce You & Me’s curriculum, however, can be a challenge. The course — with its modules on contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence — can appear jarring to many from more conservative communities.
然而,学校接受你我伙伴的性教育课程是一个挑战,这套课程包含避孕、性传播疾病和性暴力等内容,对许多观念保守的人们来说似乎尺度有些大了。

After finishing her training, it took Bao a few weeks to summon the courage to start teaching the lessons. When she did, her colleagues began referring to her teasingly as the school’s “sex teacher.”
在完成性教育教师培训后,包甜甜花了几个星期才鼓起勇气上这门课。当她做这件事情的时候,她的同事戏称她为“性老师”。

Eventually, the school agreed to incorporate the sex ed content into Bao’s weekly psychological health classes, to avoid raising too many eyebrows.
最后,她所在的学校同意将性教育的内容纳入每周开展的心理健康课,以免产生更多的争议。
The sex ed course has continued, however, and today over 800 students take Bao’s classes. The success appears to be largely down to the persistence of the school’s principal — Wang Haizhi — who has been an enthusiastic champion of the initiative from the start.
性教育的课程仍在继续,到目前,有超过800名学生上过包老师的性教育课。这一成功很大程度上要归功于学校校长王海智的坚持,他从一开始就是性教育课的热心拥护者。

When Bao first began teaching the course, Wang made sure every member of the faculty understood that the school considered the “sexual health” classes essential and compulsory.
当包甜甜刚开始讲授这门课程的时候,王校长让全校所有老师都明白学校的态度——学校认为性教育课程是必不可少和必修的。
“I think sex is a science that students will have to deal with for the rest of their lives,” says Wang. “They should have a good command of it.”Before the classes started, Wang sent a note to all the students’ parents informing them about the school’s plans.
王校长说:“我认为性是一门学生一生中必须要面对的科学内容,他们应该掌握的很好。”上性教育课之前,王校长给所有的学生家长发了一则通知,告诉他们学校的计划。

He stressed that sex education can help minors protect themselves from sexual harassment and assault.“Parents understand that it’s good for their children’s safety, so no one said no to it,” says Wang.
他强调,性教育可以帮助未成年人保护自己,免受性骚扰和性侵犯。王校长说:“家长们明白这堂课对孩子的安全有好处,所有没有人反对。”

Safety is an issue that appears to resonate in rural China. Studies suggest that teenagers from the countryside are more sexually active than their peers in the cities. They’re also more likely to experience multiple unwanted pregnancies, as the phenomenon is more common among adolescents from lower-income regions — which tend to be rural.
孩子的安全问题似乎容易在农村地区引起共鸣。研究表明,农村的青少年比城市里的同龄人的性要更活跃。他们也更有可能经历多次意外怀孕,这一现象在低收入地区的青少年中更为普遍,这些地区往往就是农村地区。

Though more sexual assaults on minors are reported in urban areas, experts argue the data fails to capture the scale of abuse in the countryside, where incidents often go undetected.
尽管城市地区报告了很多针对未成年人的性侵犯事件,但专家认为,这些数据未能反映出农村地区的性侵犯事件规模,因为农村的事件往往更难被发现和曝光。
Liu Yu, a biology teacher at a junior high school in Kang County, is acutely aware of how a lack of sexual knowledge can leave rural kids vulnerable.
刘玉是康县一所初中的生物老师,他敏锐的意识到:缺乏性知识会让农村孩子变得更脆弱。

The 42-year-old started working with You & Me in 2017, after witnessing firsthand the psychological scars a childhood sexual assault had left on one of his students.
这位42岁的老师在2017年开始和你我伙伴一起努力推动性教育,他亲眼目睹了童年时性侵犯给他的一名学生留下的心理创伤。
A few months previously, Liu had given a lecture on anatomy that greatly upset one of his 15-year-old students.
几个月以前,刘玉给学生讲授了一堂以“生殖系统”为主题的性教育课,这让他班上的一名15岁的学生非常不安。

It was only later he found out why: The girl had been abused by her uncle in the fourth grade, but hadn’t understood what he’d done to her until that moment.
后来他才发现了原因:这个女孩曾经在小学四年级时被她的叔叔性侵过,但直到上这堂课她才明白她的叔叔对她做了什么。

“She’d had no clue what had happened,” Liu tells Sixth Tone. “But after learning about the sexual organs in biology, it hit her.”
“她不知道发生了什么事”,刘玉告诉第六声。“但在了解了生殖系统之后,她就受到了很大的伤害”
Soon after, the student dropped out of school, worried her classmates would discover her secret and judge her.
不久之后,这个学生辍学了,她担心她的同学会发现她的秘密和评判她。

Even now, Liu sighs when he recalls the incident, saying things could have turned out so differently.
即使是现在,当刘玉回忆起这件事的时候,他还是会叹气,他没想到事情会发生这么大的变化。

“If back then she’d received proper sex education and some psychological guidance, it would have had some positive impact on her,” he says. “Maybe she could have at least stayed in school and continued studying.”
他说:“如果那时候她接受了适当的性教育和一些心理辅导,可能对她会产生一些积极的影响,也许她至少可以留在学校继续学习。

Liu hopes introducing You & Me’s sex education program to his school can help students in similar situations in the future.
刘玉老师希望引入你我伙伴的性教育课程到他所在的学校,能够对学生有所帮助,使他们能够在将来避免遇到类似的情况。

Luckily, the school and the students’ parents have been supportive, he says.
他说,幸运的是,学校和学生家长一直给予他很大的支持。
According to Bao, parents aren’t usually the main obstacle to introducing sex ed in rural Gansu.
据包甜甜说,在甘肃农村,父母通常不是开展性教育的主要障碍。

A huge number of parents work in the cities to earn a better wage, leaving their children behind in their hometowns, which often leaves the families quite disconnected.
很多孩子的父母都在城市工作以赚取更高的工资,他们把孩子留在家长,这往往使他们的家庭关系十分的疏远。

“Most kids don’t communicate with their parents about what they study at school,” says Bao. “The chances are even slimmer that they’d share it with their grandparents, who they live with.”
包甜甜说:“大多数孩子都不和父母交流他们在学校学习的内容,和同住的祖父母分享的可能性就更小了”
Large number of left-behind children in rural areas, meanwhile, makes sex education even more vital, according to Liu.
刘玉说,农村地区大量的留守儿童让性教育更加重要。

Though families in Gansu tend to be fiercely opposed to children dating — considering it as dangerous as “fierce floods and savage beasts” — the parents aren’t there to keep an eye on them.“
尽管很多家庭倾向于强烈反对孩子们约会,家长把早恋看作“洪水猛兽”,但家长们并不能时刻关注到他们的情况。

Sex is a human instinct and it’s almost impossible for adults to control teenagers’ sexual urges,” he says. “We can only educate them on how to respect others and avoid early pregnancies.”
“性是人类的本能,成年人几乎不可能去控制青少年的性冲动”,“我们只能教育他们如何与人互相尊重,避免意外怀孕的发生”,他说。
But spreading sex ed to more rural schools remains a challenge, especially given the lack of financial and policy support from the government.
但是,在更多的农村学校普及性教育课程仍然是一个挑战,尤其是考虑到政府缺乏财政资金投入和政策支持。

For Bao, the key is convincing more school principals to support the initiative. After completing the course at You & Me, she heard that several teachers had been unable to introduce the classes at their schools due to opposition from their bosses.
对于包甜甜来说,推广的关键是需要说服更多的学校校长支持这项工作。在完成你我伙伴的性教育培训课程之后,她听说有几位同行因为学校领导的反对而无法在学校开展这些课程。

“The principals didn’t participate themselves and didn’t know what the course was really about,” says Bao.
包甜甜说:“校长们没有亲自参与,也不知道课程的真正内容”。
Zhang Yaohua, program manager at You & Me, meanwhile, is working to overcome the lack of teachers in rural areas.
与此同时,你我伙伴的项目主管正在努力克服农村地区教师短缺给性教育的推广带来的问题。

Since 2016, the organization has been recruiting college students as volunteer instructors, and then sending them to underserved communities across China.
自2016年以来,你我伙伴一直在招募大学生作为志愿者老师,然后支持他们到全国各地需要性教育的地区去。

Last year, over 900 trained You & Me volunteers gave sex education courses to nearly 24,000 students in 16 Chinese provinces.
去年,在全国的16个省份,900多名经过你我伙伴培训的大学生志愿者为近24000名学生开设了性教育课程。

Jiang Yulin, a biology major at a college in the southwestern Sichuan province, signed up as a You & Me volunteer in the summer of 2018, traveling the countryside to give sex ed classes to schoolchildren in the third to fifth grades.“We should learn from an early age that these things shouldn’t be taboo, nor unspeakable,” says Jiang.
蒋玉林是四川省西南部一所大学的生物专业学生,他在2018年夏天报名成为你我伙伴的志愿者,到农村为三到五年级的小学生上性教育课。“我们应该从小就知道,性不应该是一个禁忌话题,不是不可谈论的”,蒋玉林说。

Jiang spent two half-days teaching around 20 students the differences between boys and girls, sexual organs, and how to protect themselves. 蒋玉林花了两个半天的时间教20名学生学习男生和女生的差异、生殖器官的知识和如何保护自己的技能。
Many of the kids lived with their grandparents, who were happy for the volunteers to provide some free teaching and child care.他说,很多孩子和他们的祖父母住在一起,他们很高兴这些志愿者们能提供一些免费的教学和儿童看护照顾的服务。

He says.“They simply feel it’s a good thing that their children can learn things in class, even if they don’t understand what a sex education course is,” says Jiang.
“他们只是觉得孩子能在课堂上学到东西就是一件好事,即使他们不明白什么是性教育课程”,蒋玉林说。
The first class was chaotic, Jiang recalls. Some students covered their eyes, while others heckled. But they learned quickly.“They were able to distinguish the internal and external genitalia so clearly, they all answered correctly in unison that afternoon,” he says. “I was surprised.”他回忆说,第一节课很混乱,有的学生会捂着眼睛,有的学生会起哄,但他们都学习的很快,他们能够非常清楚的区分内生殖器和外生殖器,在学习的那天下午他们回答的非常准确,我非常的惊讶。”
The program, however, proved to be a flash in the pan. When Jiang’s classes ended, the principal of the school he’d been serving told him “the sex education course is a good course.” Yet after the college students left, the school didn’t continue teaching sex ed on their own.
然而,这个项目的推动就像昙花一现。虽然当他们的课结束的时候,他所在的学校的校长告诉他:“性教育是一门好课程”,但当他们的志愿者团队离开之后,学校并没有再继续上性教育课程。
Despite these setbacks, Zhang, the program manager, remains upbeat about the future of You & Me. The nonprofit is continuing to recruit new student volunteers. It’s also expanding into online education by providing sex ed lessons via video call.尽管遇到了这些挫折,你我伙伴的项目主管张耀华仍然对性教育的未来非常乐观。这个公益组织正在继续招募新的大学生志愿者。它们还通过网络视频直播的形式提供性教育课程,进一步扩展到在线教育领域。
Wang, the principal, says he wishes the local government would offer more recognition to sex education. One day, he hopes the education bureau will make sex ed a compulsory subject, like math and English.“Without that (government support), it’s hard to continue such education in rural areas,” he says.
王海智校长说,他希望当地政府对性教育有更多的认可,他希望有一天教育局能像数学和英语一样,把性教育作为一门必修课。如果没有政府的政策支持,农村地区其实很难持续的开展性教育”,他说。

Bao’s passion for sex ed, meanwhile, continues to grow. In addition to her classes at school, she’s started giving online lectures for You & Me, and she’s already teaching her sons — 5 years old and 9 months old, respectively — the basics. 包甜甜对性教育的热情还在持续增长,除了在自己所在的学校上性教育课,她还开始为你我伙伴做性教育网络直播课的讲师,并且她已经在教她的儿子们——分别是5岁和9个月大的孩子——一些性教育的基础知识。
This way, she hopes today’s students will grow up more comfortable and confident in their bodies than she was as a child.通过这些工作,她希望今天的学生们能比她小时候更加从容和自信的面对身体的变化,健康快乐的成长。
“I’ve noticed that both boys and girls are more comfortable about menstruation,” says Bao. “When I was in junior high school, I felt it was so shameful. I didn’t even dare to go to the toilet at school.”
包甜甜说:“当我上初中刚来月经的时候,我觉得太羞耻了,我在学校连厕所都不敢去,但我看到今天我教的学生中,男孩和女生都能正常的谈论月经。”
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